Understanding Autistic Communication
Understanding and developing communication.
Research suggests that autistic people often have distinct communication styles and preferences compared to non-autistic people. While communication differences are a core part of an autism diagnosis, these traits vary significantly from person to person.
Common Autistic Communication Styles
Autistic communication is often characterized by a preference for directness and precision. Compared to non-autistic peers, an autistic person might:
- Prefer direct and literal language, avoiding ambiguous or "fluffy" speech.
- Use formal or technical language and unique, self-invented words.
- Utilise echolalia, which is the repetition of words or phrases.
- Find literal interpretations of jokes, metaphors, or sarcasm more natural than figurative ones.
- Prefer not to make eye contact or find it physically uncomfortable.
- Experience "intermittent speech loss", where the ability to speak becomes difficult during times of extreme stress or autistic burnout.
Moving Beyond "Non-Verbal" Labels
The term "non-verbal" is often used to describe people who do not use speech. However, many in the autistic community prefer more specific descriptions, such as "people who speak few or no words". This is because labels can overlook the fact that someone may be able to communicate perfectly well through other means, such as:
- Writing or typing.
- British Sign Language (BSL).
- AAC (Augmentative and Alternative Communication), such as picture boards or high-tech speech devices.
- Vocalisations and gestures.
The Double Empathy Problem
Historically, research focused on the "deficits" of autistic communication. However, modern understanding highlights the Double Empathy Problem, a theory by Dr Damian Milton.
This theory suggests that communication breakdowns are a "two-way street". Autistic people often communicate very effectively with other autistic people. The "problem" arises when two people with different neurological styles try to interact. Neither style is superior; they are simply different. Both sides must put in effort to bridge the gap.
Support and Strategies
The goal of any support should be to reduce barriers and help a person participate fully in society on their own terms.
- Professional Support: This may include Speech and Language Therapy (SALT) or "Intensive Interaction" for those with limited speech. It is vital that the autistic person remains at the centre of all decision-making.
- Self-Managed Strategies: Many autistic people find it helpful to prepare for social situations in advance, use "social allies", or take scheduled "downtime" to recharge after socialising.
- What Non-Autistic People Can Do: Communication is a shared responsibility. Non-autistic people can help by being patient, providing clear instructions, and accepting all forms of communication (not just speech) as valid.
Assessment and Cultural Nuances
During an autism assessment, specialists such as paediatricians and psychologists look at communication profiles. It is important to note that many diagnostic tools are based on Western cultural norms. For example, some cultures view eye contact differently, which professionals must take into account.
Similarly, women and girls often "mask" their communication differences to fit social expectations. This can make their autistic traits less obvious to professionals who are only looking for stereotypical "male" presentations of autism.
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